Thailand has experienced several major floods in recent years, including in 2011, which was one of the worst floods in the country’s history, affecting millions of people and causing significant damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and property. The government has since implemented various measures to mitigate the impacts of floods, such as building more flood barriers and improving early warning systems.

This article will tell you how to use IoT technology to monitor the water level of street and send early flooding alarm to people.

The whole system includes three main parts, water level sensor, 5G/4G LTE RTU and IoT platform that receives data from sensor and display data, as well send flooding alarm.

1. What is Water Level Sensor?

A water level sensor is an electronic device that is used to measure the depth or height of water in a tank, reservoir, or other container. It is designed to detect changes in the water level and convert them into an electrical signal that can be used for monitoring or control purposes.

Water level sensors are used in a variety of applications, such as monitoring the water levels in wells, tanks, and rivers, controlling water pumps and irrigation systems, and preventing flooding in homes and buildings. They can be based on various technologies, such as pressure sensing, ultrasonic, float switches, capacitance, and conductivity sensing. The choice of technology depends on the specific application and the accuracy and reliability required.

2. Types of Water Level Sensor

There are several types of water level sensors, including:

1. Float switch: A float switch is a device that contains a buoyant object attached to a switch. As the water level rises or falls, the buoyant object moves up or down, triggering the switch.

2. Pressure sensors: These measure water level by detecting the pressure exerted on the sensor by the weight of the water above it.

3. Ultrasonic sensors: An ultrasonic sensor uses high-frequency sound waves to measure the distance between the sensor and the water surface.

4. Conductivity sensors: These sensors measure the electrical conductivity of the water, which changes with the water level.

5. Capacitance sensors: A capacitance sensor measures the capacitance of the water and the air above it, which changes as the water level rises and falls.

3. 5G/4G LTE RTU

5G and 4G LTE are both wireless network technologies used for mobile communication. They both offer high-speed internet access and the ability to stream video and audio content on the go.

An RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is a device used in industrial control systems to monitor and control physical equipment. An LTE or 5G RTU would be a remote terminal unit that uses either 4G LTE or 5G wireless technology to communicate with a central control system.

These devices can be used for a wide range of applications, including monitoring and controlling electronic equipment in factories, oil and gas refineries, water treatment plants, and more. The use of wireless technology allows for greater flexibility in where these devices can be placed, which can increase their effectiveness and reduce installation costs.

Let’s take Bivocom’s 4G RTU TG501 for example, which supports global 4G LTE, digital input(on/off), analog input(4-20mA, 0-5V for sensor), RS232, RS485, DC power output for fiend sensors, and has built-in protocols like MQTT, Modbus RTU, TCP, which help to collect data from sensor and convert data to certain protocols and transfer the IoT platform.

4. IoT Platform

An IoT platform for water level monitoring and alarm is a software or cloud-based service that provides the infrastructure for connecting, managing, and analyzing data from water level sensors. It acts as a central hub where data from different devices can be collected, processed, and analyzed in real-time to monitor water levels and trigger alarms when certain thresholds are reached.

This type of platform typically includes features such as device management, data visualization, analytics, security, and integration with other systems. It may also include features specific to water level monitoring, such as flood forecasting, historical trend analysis, and predictive maintenance.

Some IoT platforms for water level monitoring and alarm may also provide APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that allow developers to create custom applications and services that can interact with the water level sensors and the platform itself.

The main goal of this type of IoT platform is to provide businesses, organizations, and governments with an effective tool for monitoring water levels and ensuring early detection of potential floods or other water-related emergencies. By collecting and analyzing data in real-time, these platforms can help prevent property damage, protect public safety, and reduce the economic impact of water-related disasters.

5. How IoT Helps to Monitor the Water Level of Street and Send Flooding Alarm?

IoT (Internet of Things) technology can be used to monitor the water level of streets and send flooding alarms in several ways. Here are some examples:

Water level sensors: IoT-enabled water level sensors can be installed in different parts of the city and connected through a wireless network. These sensors can measure the water level in real-time and send the data to a central server for further analysis.

Flood prediction models: The data collected from the water level sensors can be used to develop flood prediction models that can forecast potential flooding events. This information can be used to issue early warning alerts to residents and authorities.

Smart drainage systems: IoT technology can be used to create smart drainage systems that can automatically adjust their capacity based on the current water levels. These systems can also redirect water flow to prevent flooding in certain areas.

Mobile applications: Residents can receive flooding alerts via mobile applications that use GPS technology to pinpoint their location and provide relevant information about the flooding risk in their area.

Overall, IoT technology can play a critical role in monitoring water levels and preventing flooding in urban areas. By providing real-time data and early warning alerts, it can help authorities take proactive measures to protect people and property from the devastating effects of floods.

6. Use Case

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River and lake ecological flow is the basis for maintaining the structure and function of ecosystems. And the quality and stability of the ecological system of rivers and lakes are improved by enhancing their ecological flow. In recent years, various disturbances such as social water cycle pumping, sewage discharge, dam construction, embankment repair, and reclamation have exceeded the self-regulation and tolerance capacity of natural water circulation, leading to the shrinking of rivers and lakes and the degradation of the ecological environment. Therefore, based on the principles of water conservation priority, spatial balance, systematic governance, and dual-handed efforts, and combined with many years of experience in the water industry, Bivocom has independently developed monitoring solution for rivers and lakes to optimize water resources, strictly manage river and lake ecological flow, and ensure ecological safety in the basin.

Overview of the Solution

Bivocom’s monitoring solution for rivers and lakes mainly aims to achieve automated monitoring and intelligent warning. Based on cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet of Things, wireless communication, big data, cloud computing, and edge computing, it can comprehensively monitor the entire key area of the river and lake, achieve automatic collection of river and lake data, data storage, and automatic transmission functions. And using the Bivocom IoT cloud platform to automatically receive and store river and lake monitoring information, fully leveraging the information interconnection between the monitoring center and the front-end sensing to provide data support for management personnel’s command and dispatch.

Plan Principles

1. Sensing Layer

The main core component is the Bivocom LCD RTU TY511, which is connected to sensing devices such as current meters, HD cameras, power supplies, rain gauges, etc., to monitor in real-time all elements of the rivers and lakes, including water level, flow velocity, flow, water quality, salinity, water depth, etc.

2. Network Layer

Using the 5G network as the main network and the Beidou satellite network as the auxiliary network, while supporting communication methods such as WAN, LAN, and WiFi to achieve data transmission and sharing between the monitoring area and the monitoring center.

3. Platform Layer

With the help of the Bivocom LCD RTU TY511, data transmission, storage, processing, and analysis are carried out. At the same time, the relevant information of rivers and lakes such as the Bivocom LCD RTU TY511, front-end sensing devices, and detection instruments are highly integrated. Reports are generated based on the monitored data, and corresponding execution commands are issued to the front-end sensing devices through signal connection.

4. Application Layer

Bivocom monitoring center sends real-time reports to multiple management centers that can transmit data simultaneously. Management personnel at all levels can query and analyze the data of river and lake ecological flows according to their permissions.

Solution Functions

1. Real-time Monitoring

Real-time monitoring of water level, water quality, flow rate, river and lake ecological flow values, monitoring images, monitoring time, and confirmed values of river and lake ecological flow.

2. Intelligent Warning

When parameters such as water level and flow rate are too low to meet the minimum requirements or when video monitoring is offline, and station data is missing, timely warning can be issued through the monitoring platform, achieving real-time supervision.

3. Remote Management

Users can remotely control and manage river and lake ecological flows in the monitoring center, including setting equipment switches and working time via remote commands.

4. GIS Map Display

This function can display the distribution of various river and lake ecological flow monitoring points and ecological flow data in real-time. Management personnel can filter the geographic locations of various river and lake monitoring points to view the distribution of ecological flows in designated areas of hydropower stations.

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China is a mountainous country, with hilly areas accounting for about two-thirds of the country’s land area. China is mainly located in the East Asian monsoon region with a wide range of rainstorms. The monsoon climate determines the uneven distribution of rainfall throughout the year, and the flood season is highly concentrated. Flash floods caused by heavy rainfall occur most frequently and cause great harm. The hydrological automation monitoring system integrates data collection, transmission, analysis, and alarm. It realizes timely and accurate uploading and distribution of early warning information, so that potential affected areas can take timely measures to minimize personnel and property losses.

System Overview

The hydrological automation monitoring system is used to obtain real-time water and rain information in a timely manner, and to timely produce and release flash flood disaster warnings, providing real-time weather forecast, rainfall and other meteorological information, as well as basic information and monitoring information of hidden danger points such as landslides and debris flows. The central early warning system transmits the dangerous information to the early warning system after the judgment. Finally, the early warning system releases the information through the wireless network. The LED display displays it in real time and the early warning broadcast terminal performs the early warning. After seeing or hearing the warning information, people will take precautions or evacuate in time.

Goals

The hydrological automation monitoring system realizes front-end data collection and back-end big data analysis and management. Through the Internet of Things technology, realize intelligent hydrological monitoring, improving the management efficiency and social service level of the water conservancy sector.

1. More comprehensive: Hydrological monitoring data collection is more comprehensive;

2. Faster: Hydrological disaster warnings are more timely and faster;

3. More accurate: real-time data transmission, comprehensive data analysis, and more accurate grasp of target data;

4. Smarter: Smart monitoring systems provide more professional event prediction and resolution plans.

System Composition

Hydrological automation monitoring system is divided into three parts: front-end data collection, wireless data transmission, back-end monitoring and analysis system

1. Front-end data collection: front-end water level gauges, rain gauges, cameras, and other sensor acquisition equipment collect field fact data.

2. Wireless data transmission: The data is transmitted from the front-end collection device to the TY511 RTU. The RTU then transmits the data to the designated center using 4G / 3G signals through wireless data transmission communication.

3. Multi-data center monitoring: RTU supports simultaneous transmission of multiple data centers, which facilitates real-time monitoring for background staff and real-time update and synchronization of data from multiple data servers and application servers.

System Topology Diagram

System Functions

1. Data query and monitoring

Real-time query of water level, rainfall, equipment battery voltage, etc., and monitoring of reservoir distribution locations and field equipment operating status.

2. Strong compatibility

Compatible with various types of water level, rainfall, displacement and other measuring instruments or sensors.

3. Stable performance

A variety of measures such as lightning protection, rain protection, moisture resistance, and input signal isolation are adopted to ensure that the equipment is safe and reliable.

4. Easy maintenance

Can set working parameters and upgrade program remotely.

5. Flexible access

Can be connected to Bivocom water and rain or mountain flood disaster monitoring and early warning system software platform, as well as configuration software or software systems developed by users.

① software platform:

The hydrological automation monitoring system mainly includes the following six functional modules: a large hydrological monitoring screen, a hydrological monitoring system, a data analysis analysis management system, a video conference system, a wireless early warning broadcast system, and an inspection and management system. The hydrological monitoring system is responsible for collecting on-site rainfall, water levels of rivers and reservoirs, mountain displacement and even water levels and feeding them back to the data center platform. The central platform analyzes and processes these data to generate early warning information, then release the warning information through LED broadcasting system to remind local people to prevent evacuation in a timely manner. The main control center initiates a video conference, conducts remote video conferences with cities, counties and even towns, discusses various emergency and rescue measures and issues corresponding instructions.

Hydrological Monitoring Screen:

Statistics and display the data that users care about, such as login user information, weather conditions, equipment conditions, today’s ecological flow alarm conditions, and the number of unread announcements. The homepage display mainly includes modules such as today’s alarm, total equipment, equipment online rate, number of online equipment, number of unread announcements, equipment status, and equipment alarm trend.

Hydrological Monitoring System:

Through the hydrological monitoring system, including the central monitoring platform and front-end monitoring equipment, mainly displacement monitoring, rainfall monitoring, water level monitoring and flow monitoring. Accurate data monitoring system greatly increases the amount of hydrological information collected, improves the timeliness of collecting hydrological information, and provides accurate basic information for forecasting, as well as early warning of mountain torrents and disaster prevention and mitigation.

Data Research and Analysis Management System:

By sorting and analyzing the basic data in the system (including rainfall, water level, discharge, displacement and other data), various types of correlation analysis charts are generated to visualize the results of task completion. Statistical analysis results can be used as data sources for leadership inspections, command analysis, and government reports.

Video Conference System:

The main function of the video conference system is to convene water conservancy work conferences, learn important spiritual documents of water conservancy, conferences such as disaster analysis and work deployment when major disasters occur. The video conference system includes a multimedia large-screen display, a multimedia audio and video signal source, a sound reinforcement system, and an integrated control center.

Inspection and Management System:

Through the unified collection and management of information in daily work (including daily collection data, daily management data, hydrological information, water speed data, task completion, etc.), effective supervision of daily inspection and management work is achieved.

Wireless Early Warning Broadcast System:

The wireless early warning broadcasting system analyzes and compares various monitoring data with historical data, and makes early warning information based on the data analysis results, or obtains early warning information through the water and rain monitoring platform. Then send the early warning information to the site timely and accurately for broadcasting early warning. The early warning system issues early warning to the early warning terminal via data information or voice format.

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Due to the unreasonable use of pesticides and fertilizers in rural areas, random discharge of garbage, and the harmful substances of wastewater and waste gas from industrial pollution also enter drinking water sources through various methods such as rainfall and direct settlement. All kinds of harmful substances, pesticides, and other pollutants can cause pollution to drinking water sources through surface runoff or farmland leakage. The rate of centralized water supply in rural areas is low. Most areas draw water directly from rivers, springs, reservoirs, and shallow groundwater. The water supply facilities are simple and there are almost no water treatment facilities. The construction standards for drinking water projects are low and the management facilities are not complete, causing pollution in drinking water Serious problems such as excessive levels of harmful substances and harmful minerals without knowing it.

Well

Due to backward water supply methods and inadequate water quality monitoring, rural drinking water source water quality monitoring is still basically blank, with unclear bases and severely insufficient monitoring power. And drinking contaminated drinking water will cause poisoning, plaque, fluorosis, cardiovascular and other diseases, and especially serious will cause long-term malignant changes such as cancer, mutation and distortion. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of rural drinking water to ensure the safety of rural drinking water.

Goals

Integrated management: monitor the water source, water plant, pipe network, water quality, flow and other information, and send the data back to the management platform in real time.

Remote supervision: remote supervision of water source areas and water plants to ensure that the output water quality and quantity meet the standards.

Equipment monitoring: Real-time monitoring of the operating status of each monitoring device to ensure stable and effective operation of the device.

Accident traceability: The monitoring data of the accident site can be consulted at any time to trace the cause of the accident and analyze the solution.

Water quality monitoring: Monitoring the whole process from the source of water, production process, and transportation process can minimize the accident factors.

Emergency warning: if the data is abnormal, the system can automatically issue the wrong accident warning, and the dispatch center can handle the accident in time.

Solutions

The rural drinking water safety program consists of other equipment or systems such as front-end data collection and control, wireless data transmission, and back-end monitoring and analysis systems.

1. Front-end data collection and control: Water level gauges, flow meters, water quality meters and other front-end collection equipment deployed in various places collect information. Front-end control equipment such as pump starter cabinets, pressure transmitters, etc. control the amount of water and start the pump to meet water needs. The connected camera can provide real-time image transmission and monitoring on site to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and timely processing of on-site emergencies.
2. Wireless data transmission: The wireless communication part uses 5G / 4G signals for wireless transmission through RTU, and transparently transmits the data or uses a special protocol format to the city and county-level monitoring platforms.
3. Back-end monitoring and analysis system: After the data is transmitted to the platform, the data integration analysis is performed through other data analysis media devices such as large data screens or database servers.

Topology

System Features

1. Wireless deployment, avoid the limitations of wired deployment and can complete deployment in various complex environments. Reduce the cost and workload of early deployment and later maintenance.
2. Communicate by wireless transmission, save a lot of manpower and material resources, and ensure the safety and stability of data transmission, and automatically reconnect if the line is disconnected.
3. PM2.5, PM10, and other dust data is collected and reported in real-time for 24 hours, and it can also support different protocols for uploading.
4. Real-time monitoring data, field data is transmitted to the center in real-time, and values such as water quality and quantity are fed back in time, and control instructions can be sent to the control equipment in real-time to make all equipment real-time, safe and controllable.
5. With the strong anti-interference ability, it can still ensure the stable transmission of data and ensure the stability, security, and reliability of data when used in complex environments.
6. Real-time 24-hour real-time monitoring and real-time accident warning.
7. The equipment has software and hardware self-test technology, and it can automatically repair the fault in time.

System Functions

Big screen for rural drinking water monitoring

1. Display the information of the water source area and water plant in the form of maps. They monitored water quality monitoring data, pressure data, water flow data, water level data, and other data that the managers care about are displayed on the monitoring screen in the form of dynamic charts.

Water source monitoring system

2. The water source monitoring system includes modules such as water quality monitoring, water level monitoring, flow monitoring, remote image monitoring, etc., to perform comprehensive real-time monitoring of water source areas within the jurisdiction.

Water Plant Monitoring System

3. The system includes pump remote control, water level monitoring, effluent water quality monitoring, water consumption monitoring, effluent flow monitoring and other modules to achieve full monitoring of the production and transportation process of the water plant.

Pipe network and pool monitoring system

4. Pipe network and pool monitoring system mainly monitors the pipe network flow, pipe network pressure, pool water level, and equipment status.

Real-time warning system

5. The real-time early warning system monitors the equipment operation, water quality safety data, pipe network water pressure data, pool water level and other data in real-time during the monitoring process. If there is abnormal data, the system automatically issues early warning prompts such as abnormal water quality alarm and water level violation Alarms, alarms for abnormal equipment conditions, pressure alarms, etc.

Statistical analysis system

6. The statistical analysis system includes historical data query module, data report statistics module, and a data analysis comparison module.

TY511

● 2-RS232, 2-RS485, 8-DI, 8-DO, 8-ADC,
● 2-Pulse, 3-Power output, 1-SD slot
● Supports up to 16MB data storage and additional SD card data storage(Up to 16G)
● LCD display of data and configuration*
● Modbus TCP/RTU, MQTT, TCP/UDP protocols
● SMS alarm and AT command
● 4G LTE or 3G for option

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When it comes water supply for high-rise buildings, such as residential, commercialor hotel, a water booster pump system is required to ensure the reliable pressure and flow values for water supply at any given time. While normally the water supply company has national wide booster pump system network in different locations and regions, which they need to monitor the pressure, water flow, water quality of tank, so it’s a big challenge for them to maintain and manage the whole system.

Water booster pump system

Solutions

The IoT and wireless technology has helped the water company to solve this issue.

First of all, a booster pump system may include booster pump, water tank and control room.

There are PLC, sensors and IP camera onsite, to connect to Bivocom industrial 4G router TR321, which has Ethernet ports and serial port RS232/RS485. The sensors are to monitor to the water level and water quality, flow of water tank, and PLC connect to Bivocom Ethernet ports or RS232, an IP camera are also installed onsite to monitor the pump room, all the data from PLC and sensors, IP camera will be sent to remote control room from Bivocom TR321 via 4G LTE network.

Models to Recommend

1. TR321

1-RS232, 1-RS485, 2-ETH port, VPN, MQTT, TCP/UDP

2. TD210

1-RS232, 1-RS485, MQTT, APN, TCP/UDP

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