IEC 60870-5-104 protocol is widely used in the electric power industry, Users can use the SCADA system to monitor and control processes remotely. But in a real environment, the power meters usually use Modbus RTU protocol. Hence, users need to use a gateway to convert Modbus to IEC 104 to suit monitoring and controlling purposes. This document will tell you how to set up Bivocom Gateway as an IEC 104 Server and Client.

1. 
   

   What is IEC 104

IEC 60870-5-104 (IEC 104) is an international standard for communication protocols used in the utility automation industry, particularly in power systems. It defines the rules for exchanging data between control systems and devices like Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) over TCP/IP networks. This protocol allows for real-time monitoring and control of power system equipment, ensuring efficient and reliable operation.

2. 
   

   What is Modbus RTU/TCP?

Modbus RTU and Modbus TCP are two variants of the Modbus protocol commonly used in industrial automation and control systems. While Modbus RTU is more commonly used in legacy systems with serial communication interfaces, Modbus TCP has become increasingly popular due to the ubiquity of Ethernet networks in industrial environments. Both variants provide reliable and efficient communication for industrial automation applications.

3. 
   

   What do you need?

A Bivocom gateway, SCADA Software support IEC 60870-5-104 Protocol(IEC 60870 Test Master), RS485 Wire, a Network cable, and USB-RS485 Adapter.

4. 
   

   How to convert Modbus to IEC 104?

• Bivocom Gateway Works as IEC104 Master(Client) Mode
• Data Collect
• Basic Setting

Enter the “Data Collect” menu, click the “Enable” button, and select “Enable Cache”. Then click “Save”.

• Interface Setting

Come to the “Interface Setting” page, set up the COM port and TCP port, in this document we use the RS485-1 port, here we need to set the right TCP address and port of the Modbus TCP slave device.

• Modbus Rules Setting

Click “Modbus Rules Setting” to enter the rules setting page, setup “new Modbus Rule”, “Order” stands for IOA, and “Device Name” can be set as you wish, you will need to choose the “Interface” of power meter connected, “Factor Name” is the name of Modbus data, it can be set what you want, “Device ID” needs to follow the power meter’s datasheet, “Function Code” here we set it as “3”, “Start Address” and “Count” also regulated by power meter. “Reporting Center” corresponding to the server number. After setup, click the “Add” button, then click “Save”. Then set up Modbus TCP Rule following the above format.

• IO Setting

Click “IO Setting” to set up ADC, DI and Relay. Add a new ADC channel by typing the “Order” number, it will be the IOA of this data too, here we set the ADC Order name as “1”, DI Order as “2”, and Relay Order “3”.

Notice that ADC and Relay will be transmitted to IEC 104 with “M_ME_TF_1”(Short floating point telemetry with quality description with absolute time scale), DI will be “M_SP_TB_1”(Single point remote message with quality description and absolute time scale).

• Server Setting

Come to the “Server Setting” page, here we can set the IEC104 Client, and click “Enable” to open IEC 104 Client, “CA” stands for Common Address, it is the CA address of SCADA connects, we set “1” at this case. “Port” here I set it “9077”.

• Modbus RTU/TCP Simulator
• Modbus Slave

In this document, I use Modbus Slave to simulate Modbus RTU/TCP meters. Open “Modubs Slave”, set up the connection with Bivocom gateway, and then type the data in the data boxes. In this case, I will set up both Modbus RTU and TCP data simulator.

Modbus RTU:

Modbus TCP:

• IEC 60870 Test Tool
• Setup connection

Open the IEC 60870 Test Tool, and type the “IP/Hostname” and “Port”, in this case, we need to set “192.168.1.1:9077”, and “CA” here we set it as “1”. After settings, click “Connect” button.

It will show “Connected to 192.168.1.1” if the connection was built.

• Read Data

After the connection was built, we can click the “Station” button to get data from Modbus meters. At the log bar we can check the “TypeID”, Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP, ADC and Relay data are transmitted as “M_ME_TF_1”, DI data will be “M_SP_TB_1”. We can also check the “Value” with “Timestamp”, the data will be transmitted with “Quality” too.

• Write Modbus Data&Convert to Remote Time Zone

Bivocom Gateway can support sending IEC 104 server commands to change the parameter of Modbus registers and also can change the remote time zone. Here are the steps:

• Click “Commands” to enter the command sending function, select “Command type” as “C_SE_TB_1”, enter the CA address and IOA, “Qualifier”(QL) here I set “0”, and set the “Value” as you wish, then click “Send execute”.

• Convert to remote time zone

Bivocom Gateway supports the SCADA System to send current time convert to remote. In this case, we will use the “Send System Commands” function, click the “Commands” menu to enter, and then select “Set Remote time by current time”. “CA” set as “1”, then click the “C_CS_NA_1” button to execute the command.

Before executing command:

After executed:

• Bivocom Gateway Works as IEC104 Slave(Server) Mode
• Data Collect
• Basic Setting

The same as Master(Client) Mode, we enter the “Data Collect” menu, click the “Enable” button, and select “Enable Cache”. Then click “Save”.

• Interface Setting

Different from Master(Client) Mode, the IEC104 device should be connected to the “TCP Server”. Enter the “Server Address” which is connected with Bivocom Gateway, set up “Server Port”, select “COM Protocol” as “IEC104”, and the “CA” common address here we set as “2”. After connecting successfully, we can see the “Connection Status” changed to “CONNECTED”. Please check the details at the screenshot:

• IEC 104 Rules Setting

Come to the “IEC 104 Rules Setting” page, enter the “Factor Name”, select “Interface” as “TCP1”, “IOA” should follow the IEC104 Simulator device, choose “Accuracy” as you wish, and set “Reporting Center” to “1”. After setup, click “Save&Apply”. Check the details below:

• Simulate IEC 104 Server

Here I use software to simulate the IEC 104 Server, change the CA address to “2”, and select port “2404” the same as the TCP server setting.

• Data Query

After connecting successfully, we can check the data at the “Data Query” page, here can see the changes of each factors, if the value of the corresponding IOA in the Simulator has been changed, we can also find the changes here.

Before changing value:

After changing the values:

• IEC 60870 Test Tool
• Setup connection

Open the IEC 60870 Test Tool, and type the “IP/Hostname” and “Port”, in this case, we need to set “192.168.1.146:2404”, and “CA” here we set it as “2”. After settings, click the “Connect” button.

It will show “Connected to 192.168.1.146” if the connection was built. The values will be reported to here automatically.

If the value of telesignalisation was changed, it will report for the first time:

That is a quick guide of how to convert Modbus RTU/TCP to IEC 104 via Bivocom IoT Gateways/Routers.

Banner image from :https://www.pexels.com/zh-cn/photo/236089/

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In a groundbreaking collaboration, Bivocom, a leading global wireless communication solution provider,  has enabled T-2 to unveil its private 5G Standalone (SA) system tailored for smart factory applications. Thanks to the local support and assistance with integration provided by Bivocom distributor in Slovenia-Telos d.o.o., the partnership signals a significant advancement in the realm of industrial connectivity, paving the way for increased efficiency, productivity, and innovation within the manufacturing sector.

“I would like to extend our gratitude to Bivocom for their unwavering commitment, exceptional collaboration, and invaluable contributions throughout the duration of the 5G SA system project. Together, we have achieved remarkable milestone and successfully navigated challenges, culminating in the delivery of a cutting-edge solution that will undoubtedly shape the future of smart infrastructure in our region.” Said Aleksander Bergant, head of the T-2 product and innovation sector.

Background:

T-2, a prominent telecommunications provider in the region, took a bold step towards digital transformation by embracing the potential of 5G technology to revolutionize the operations of smart factories. With a focus on leveraging the benefits of a private 5G network, T-2 sought out Bivocom’s expertise in delivering secure, reliable, and high-performance wireless communication solutions.

T-2_5G SA System

Empowering Connectivity:

Bivocom’s advanced technologies and extensive experience in the IoT and industrial communication sectors were instrumental in empowering T-2 to deploy its private 5G SA system for smart factory environments. By harnessing the capabilities of 5G, T-2 aims to create a robust and ultra-low latency network infrastructure that can meet the stringent requirements of modern industrial applications.

Bivocom 5G Gateway

Key Features and Benefits:

• The collaboration between Bivocom and T-2 brings forth a range of key features and benefits for smart factory operations, including:
• Ultra-fast and reliable wireless connectivity
• Enhanced network security and data protection
• Low latency communication for real-time applications
• Increased flexibility and scalability to accommodate future growth
• Support for a wide range of IoT devices and sensors

Impact on Smart Factories:

The deployment of a private 5G SA system by T-2, with the support of Bivocom, is set to have a transformative impact on smart factory environments. By providing a high-speed and low-latency communication infrastructure, manufacturers can optimize their production processes, automate workflows, and enable seamless integration of IoT devices for improved efficiency and productivity.

Future Prospects:

As the digital transformation of industries accelerates, the partnership between Bivocom and T-2 exemplifies the potential of private 5G networks to drive innovation and unlock new possibilities for smart factories. With a strong foundation in place, T-2 is well-positioned to harness the power of 5G technology and continue its journey towards Industry 4.0 excellence.

In conclusion, the collaboration between Bivocom and T-2 to launch a private 5G SA system for smart factories signifies a significant milestone in the evolution of industrial connectivity. By embracing cutting-edge technologies and fostering innovation, both companies are leading the way towards a future where smart factories are empowered with the capabilities to thrive in the digital age.

Related link:

https://www.finance.si/t-2-postavlja-standarde-prvi-zasebni-sistem-5g-sa-za-pametno-tovarno-v-sloveniji/a/9021946?src=NAT_UREDNISKE_11?src=NAT_UREDNISKE_11&src=f_adblock

Images provided by T-2

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In today’s fast-paced technological landscape, the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought about a paradigm shift in the way industries operate. One of the key areas where IoT is making a significant impact is in the realm of smart factories, also known as Industry 4.0. These smart factories utilize IoT technology to connect machinery, sensors, and devices to streamline and automate manufacturing processes, leading to increased efficiency, agility, and productivity.

Transformation of Traditional Factories:

Traditional factories have often been characterized by isolated systems, manual processes, and limited connectivity between machines. However, with the integration of IoT devices, these factories are evolving into smart manufacturing units that are interconnected, data-driven, and able to make real-time decisions. The ability to gather, analyze, and act upon data in an automated manner is revolutionizing industrial production.

Key Components of IoT-Enabled Smart Factories:

Icon source: https://www.flaticon.com/

• Sensors and Devices: IoT sensors embedded in machinery and equipment collect real-time data on performance, energy consumption, and maintenance needs. These sensors transmit data to a centralized system for analysis and decision-making.

• Connectivity: High-speed networks and communication protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 5G ensure seamless connectivity between devices within the factory ecosystem. This enables swift data exchange and coordination among machines.

• Data Analytics: Advanced analytics platforms process the vast amounts of data collected from sensors to derive valuable insights. Predictive maintenance, production optimization, and quality control are some of the areas where data analytics plays a crucial role.

• Automation and Robotics: IoT enables the integration of automation and robotics into manufacturing processes, leading to greater precision, speed, and safety. Robots can perform repetitive tasks with high accuracy, freeing up human workers for more strategic roles.

Benefits of IoT-Enabled Smart Factories:

• Increased Efficiency: IoT technology optimizes production processes, reduces downtime, and minimizes waste, leading to enhanced efficiency and cost savings.

• Improved Quality Control: Real-time monitoring and analysis of production data enable early detection of defects and deviations, ensuring higher product quality.

• Enhanced Flexibility: Smart factories are agile and adaptable to changing market demands. Production can be easily modified or scaled based on real-time insights.

• Worker Safety: IoT-enabled sensors can detect hazardous conditions in the factory environment, ensuring the safety of workers and preventing accidents.

Challenges and Considerations:

Despite its numerous benefits, the implementation of IoT in smart factories comes with challenges such as data security risks, interoperability issues, and the need for skilled workforce training. Companies must invest in robust cybersecurity measures, standardized protocols, and employee training to fully harness the potential of IoT in industrial settings.

In conclusion, IoT-enabled smart factories are reshaping the future of manufacturing by driving innovation, efficiency, and competitiveness. As technology continues to advance, the adoption of IoT in industrial settings will only accelerate, ushering in a new era of interconnected and intelligent production processes. The journey towards fully realizing the potential of Industry 4.0 is well underway, and the possibilities it holds for the manufacturing sector are truly transformative.

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In the realm of modern technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a game-changer in various industries, and one of the sectors it is significantly revolutionizing is heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). IoT technology is now being integrated into HVAC systems to enhance efficiency, improve performance, and provide better comfort and control for users.

1. What is an HVAC System?

HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. It refers to the technology and systems used for indoor environmental comfort.

Here’s a brief breakdown of what each component of HVAC does:

Heating:

Heating systems are responsible for keeping indoor spaces warm. Common heating sources include furnaces, heat pumps, electric heaters, and boilers.

Ventilation:

Ventilation systems provide fresh air and control indoor air quality by removing pollutants, odors, and excess moisture. Proper ventilation is crucial for maintaining a healthy indoor environment.

Air Conditioning:

Air conditioning systems cool indoor spaces by removing heat and humidity. They help maintain comfortable temperatures during hot weather.

By integrating heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, HVAC technology aims to provide thermal comfort and high indoor air quality. HVAC systems can be found in residential homes, commercial buildings, industrial facilities, and vehicles. They play a crucial role in ensuring a comfortable and healthy indoor environment.

2. How Does HVAC Work?

HVAC systems work by controlling the temperature, humidity, and air quality of indoor spaces through a combination of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning processes.

Image source: https://mepacademy.com/basic-hvac-controls/

Here’s a brief overview of how HVAC systems typically work:

• Heating Process:

During the heating season, the HVAC system will use a furnace, heat pump, or boiler to generate heat. The heat is then distributed throughout the building using ductwork, radiators, or radiant flooring.

• Cooling Process:

When cooling is required, the air conditioning unit or heat pump in the HVAC system extracts heat from indoor air and releases it outside. This process cools the air before distributing it back into the building through ductwork or vents.

• Ventilation Process:

The ventilation component of HVAC systems ensures a constant supply of fresh outdoor air while removing stale indoor air. Ventilation systems may include fans, ductwork, and air filters to control air flow and quality.

• Thermostat Control:

A thermostat serves as the control center for the HVAC system, allowing users to set their desired temperature. The thermostat communicates with the heating and cooling components to maintain the set temperature within the building.

• Air Filtration:

HVAC systems often include air filters to remove dust, pollen, pet dander, and other pollutants from the air. Clean filters help improve indoor air quality and protect the system from dirt buildup.

• Ductwork:

Ductwork plays a crucial role in distributing heated or cooled air throughout the building. Properly designed and sealed duct systems ensure efficient airflow and temperature control.

Overall, HVAC systems work by regulating temperature, humidity, and air quality to create a comfortable and healthy indoor environment. Regular maintenance, including filter replacement and system inspections, helps ensure optimal performance and energy efficiency.

3. How IoT Transforming HVAC Systems?

Icon source: https://www.flaticon.com/

• Smart Sensors for Data-Driven Insights

One of the key aspects of IoT in HVAC is the use of smart sensors. These sensors can be installed within HVAC systems to collect and monitor a wide range of data points, such as temperature, humidity levels, air quality, and equipment performance metrics. By gathering real-time data through IoT gateway, these sensors enable HVAC systems to adapt and optimize their operations dynamically based on current conditions.

• Remote Monitoring and Control

IoT-enabled HVAC systems offer remote monitoring and control capabilities, allowing facility managers or homeowners to access and adjust their systems from anywhere with an internet connection. This remote accessibility provides convenience and flexibility, as issues can be identified and addressed promptly without the need for on-site visits, leading to reduced downtime and improved system reliability.

• Predictive Maintenance for Greater Reliability

Another significant benefit of IoT technology in HVAC is predictive maintenance. By analyzing the data collected from sensors, machine learning algorithms can predict potential equipment failures before they occur. This proactive approach allows for scheduled maintenance activities to be planned in advance, preventing costly breakdowns and ensuring the system operates at peak performance levels.

• Energy Efficiency and Cost Savings

IoT-enabled HVAC systems are also designed to optimize energy usage and improve overall efficiency. By continuously monitoring environmental conditions and occupancy patterns, these systems can adjust settings automatically to minimize energy consumption while maintaining comfort levels. This results in lower utility bills, reduced carbon footprint, and a more sustainable approach to heating and cooling.

• Enhanced Comfort and User Experience

Integrating IoT technology in HVAC systems enhances the overall comfort and user experience. Users can personalize their settings, create schedules, and receive notifications or alerts regarding system status or potential issues. For commercial buildings, occupants can have individual temperature control in their workspace, increasing satisfaction and productivity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, IoT technology is reshaping the HVAC industry by providing intelligent solutions that optimize performance, improve efficiency, and elevate user experience. With the capabilities to collect and analyze data in real time, enable remote monitoring and control, predict maintenance needs, and enhance energy efficiency, IoT-enabled HVAC systems are setting a new standard for comfort and sustainability. As this technology continues to evolve, we can expect even greater innovations and advancements in the field of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.

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In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has brought about significant advancements in the field of energy management. By leveraging IoT gateways, organizations can now monitor and optimize crucial components of their energy infrastructure, such as generators, UPS systems, air conditioners, energy analyzers, and meters, in real time. This innovative approach offers unparalleled visibility and control, ultimately leading to enhanced efficiency, cost savings, and sustainability.

This article will explain what an energy management system is, where it is used, and at the end, we will share a case study of energy management implemented in a data center using IoT technology.

What is an Energy Management System?

An energy management system (EMS) is a comprehensive approach to monitoring, controlling, and optimizing energy consumption within a facility or organization. It involves the integration of technology, processes, and strategies to effectively manage energy resources, improve efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact.

Key components of an energy management system typically include:

Monitoring and Metering: EMS involves the implementation of energy monitoring systems and meters to track energy consumption patterns, identify areas of high usage, and detect inefficiencies in real-time. By collecting accurate and reliable data, organizations can gain insights into their energy consumption behavior and make informed decisions for optimization.

Energy Analysis and Reporting: Energy management systems utilize analytics tools to analyze data collected from monitoring systems. By generating reports and performance indicators, organizations can assess energy usage trends, benchmark performance against targets, and identify opportunities for improvement.

Energy Efficiency Measures: EMS includes the implementation of energy efficiency measures such as equipment upgrades, maintenance programs, operational changes, and behavioral initiatives to reduce energy wastage and enhance overall efficiency. These measures can result in cost savings, reduced carbon emissions, and sustainability benefits.

Demand Response and Load Management: EMS enables organizations to participate in demand response programs and proactively manage peak energy demand. By adjusting energy usage in response to grid conditions or price signals, organizations can optimize their energy consumption, reduce electricity costs, and contribute to grid stability.

Renewable Energy Integration: Many energy management systems incorporate renewable energy sources such as solar panels, wind turbines, or geothermal systems. By integrating renewable energy into their energy mix, organizations can reduce dependence on fossil fuels, lower carbon emissions, and enhance their sustainability profile.

Continuous Improvement and Monitoring: EMS facilitates a continuous improvement process through ongoing monitoring, performance tracking, and evaluation of energy management initiatives. By setting goals, measuring progress, and adjusting strategies as needed, organizations can achieve long-term energy efficiency and sustainability objectives.

Overall, an energy management system provides a structured framework for organizations to proactively manage their energy usage, optimize efficiency, and achieve sustainable energy goals. By leveraging technology, analytics, and best practices, EMS enables organizations to make data-driven decisions, reduce costs, and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.

Where Are Energy Management System Used?

Energy management systems are used in various settings where efficient energy use and cost savings are priorities. Here are some common applications of energy management systems:

Icon source: https://www.flaticon.com/

Commercial Buildings: Energy management systems are commonly used in commercial buildings such as offices, retail spaces, hotels, and hospitals to monitor and optimize energy consumption. These systems help building owners and managers track energy usage, identify inefficiencies, and implement energy-saving measures to reduce operational costs.

Industrial Facilities: Manufacturing plants, refineries, and other industrial facilities use energy management systems to monitor and control energy-intensive processes. By optimizing equipment performance, managing peak demand, and implementing energy efficiency measures, industrial facilities can reduce energy costs and improve overall sustainability.

Residential Buildings: Smart home energy management systems are becoming increasingly popular in residential buildings. These systems allow homeowners to monitor and control energy usage through smart devices, enabling them to save energy, reduce utility bills, and increase home comfort.

Data Centers: Energy management systems are essential in data centers to monitor and optimize the energy usage of servers, cooling systems, and other equipment. By implementing efficient cooling strategies, virtualization techniques, and energy-efficient hardware, data centers can minimize energy consumption and reduce operating costs.

Transportation: Energy management systems are used in vehicles and transportation fleets to optimize fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. These systems may include telematics solutions, route optimization tools, and driver behavior monitoring to maximize energy efficiency and minimize operational costs.

Public Sector: Government buildings, schools, and other public sector facilities use energy management systems to track energy consumption, identify areas for improvement, and implement energy-saving measures. These systems help public sector organizations reduce energy costs, meet sustainability goals, and set an example for the community.

Utilities: Energy management systems are also utilized by utility companies to manage energy distribution, balance supply and demand, and optimize grid operations. These systems help utilities improve grid reliability, integrate renewable energy sources, and implement demand response programs to enhance overall system efficiency.

In summary, energy management systems are used in a wide range of settings to monitor, control, and optimize energy consumption. By providing valuable insights, data-driven decision-making, and automation capabilities, these systems help organizations and individuals achieve energy savings, reduce costs, and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Energy Management System Used in Data Center

A data center’s energy management system typically consists of various components and practices aimed at optimizing energy efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and ensuring reliable operation. Some key elements of a data center’s energy management system include:

Generators play a vital role in ensuring uninterrupted power supply during outages or peak demand periods. With IoT-enabled monitoring, organizations can remotely track parameters like fuel levels, runtime statistics, and maintenance schedules. By receiving automatic alerts and predictive maintenance notifications, potential issues can be identified and addressed proactively, minimizing downtime and maximizing operational efficiency.

UPS systems provide critical backup power in the event of mains power failure. Through IoT integration, users can monitor battery health, load capacities, and operational status in real-time. By analyzing data insights generated by the IoT gateway, organizations can optimize UPS performance, extend battery life, and ensure seamless transition during power transitions.

Air conditioners are significant energy consumers in commercial and industrial settings. By utilizing IoT sensors and smart thermostats, organizations can monitor and control temperature settings, energy usage patterns, and HVAC efficiency. Through intelligent adjustments and scheduling based on occupancy and external factors, energy consumption can be optimized without compromising comfort levels.

Energy analyzers and meters are essential tools for monitoring and analyzing energy consumption patterns in real-time. With IoT connectivity, organizations can centralize data collection, perform advanced analytics, and generate actionable insights for better decision-making. By tracking energy usage trends, identifying inefficiencies, and setting baseline targets, businesses can implement targeted strategies to reduce costs and minimize environmental impact.

The integration of IoT gateway technology enables seamless communication and data exchange among diverse energy management components, creating a unified ecosystem for comprehensive monitoring and control. By harnessing the power of real-time data, organizations can achieve greater operational efficiency, optimize resource allocation, and drive continuous improvement in their energy management strategies.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the adoption of IoT gateway technology for monitoring generators, UPS systems, air conditioners, energy analyzers, and meters represents a transformative shift in energy management practices. By unlocking unprecedented insights and capabilities, organizations can proactively manage their energy infrastructure, improve system reliability, and achieve sustainable energy goals in an increasingly complex and dynamic energy landscape.

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In the realm of industrial processes, boilers play a crucial role in various applications, such as power generation, heating, and steam production. Ensuring the smooth operation of these boilers is vital for both efficiency and safety within industrial facilities. This is where remote monitoring and alarm systems are revolutionizing how boiler systems are managed and maintained.

What is an Industrial boiler?

An industrial boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, such as powering machinery, heating buildings, or producing steam for various industrial purposes.
Industrial boilers come in various configurations and designs, such as fire-tube boilers, water-tube boilers, and electric boilers, and they are commonly used in industries like power generation, manufacturing, chemical processing, and more. These boilers play a crucial role in many industrial processes where heat or steam is required for operations.

Industrial boiler

Image source: https://www.bosch-industrial.com/global/en/ocs/commercial-industrial/electric-steam-boiler-elsb-19175285-p/

Fire tube boiler
image source: https://industrialboiler.com/boilers/firetube-boilers

Water tube boiler
Image source: https://industrialboiler.com/boilers/watertube-boilers

Image: https://www.industrial-boilers.com/electric-boilers/

The Need for Remote Monitoring and Alarm Systems

Industrial boilers are complex systems that require regular oversight to prevent potential malfunctions, downtime, or safety hazards. Traditionally, on-site personnel have been responsible for monitoring and troubleshooting these systems. However, this approach can be labour-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to human error.
Remote monitoring and alarm systems offer a solution by providing real-time visibility into the performance and condition of industrial boilers from a remote location. By leveraging sensors, data analytics, and connectivity technologies, these systems enable operators to monitor key parameters, detect anomalies, and respond promptly to alarms without being physically present on-site.

Key Features and Benefits

Real-time Data Monitoring: Remote systems continuously collect and transmit data on boiler performance metrics, such as temperature, pressure, and fuel consumption, allowing operators to make informed decisions based on real-time information.

Predictive Maintenance: By analyzing data trends and patterns, remote monitoring systems can predict potential equipment failures or maintenance needs before they occur, enabling proactive maintenance and minimizing unplanned downtime.

Alarm Notifications: Instant alerts and notifications are triggered in the event of abnormalities, deviations from set parameters, or critical malfunctions, ensuring timely intervention and preventing catastrophic incidents.

Remote Control: Some advanced systems allow operators to remotely adjust settings, initiate shutdown procedures, or troubleshoot minor issues without needing physical presence, thereby increasing operational efficiency.

Historical Data Analysis: The ability to store and analyze historical data facilitates performance tracking, trend analysis, and optimization of boiler operations over time, leading to improved efficiency and cost savings.

Implementation and Integration

Integrating remote monitoring and alarm systems into existing industrial boiler infrastructure involves deploying sensors and communication devices, setting up a secure network for data transmission, and configuring a centralized monitoring platform. Collaboration with experienced technology providers and system integrators is essential to ensure seamless implementation and integration with minimal disruption to operations.

Future Trends and Innovations

As digitalization and Industry 4.0 initiatives continue to drive technological advancements in industrial automation, the future of boiler monitoring is poised for further innovation. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications are expected to enhance the capabilities of remote monitoring systems, enabling autonomous operation, adaptive control strategies, and predictive analytics for optimal boiler performance.

Conclusion

Industrial boiler remote monitoring and alarm systems represent a paradigm shift in the way boiler operations are managed, offering enhanced efficiency, safety, and reliability. By leveraging data and connectivity, these systems empower industrial facilities to operate their boiler systems with greater precision, responsiveness, and intelligence, ultimately driving productivity and sustainability in the industrial landscape.

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In today’s rapidly urbanizing world, the management of city rivers and lakes has become a critical concern for ensuring environmental sustainability and public health. Remote monitoring and alarm systems offer a promising solution to tackle this challenge by providing real-time data and timely alerts to city authorities. Let’s dive into how these technologies are revolutionizing urban water management!

image source: https://www.pexels.com/zh-cn/@kokorevas/

City Rivers Remote Monitoring

City rivers often bear the brunt of urbanization, facing pollution, encroachment, and fluctuating water levels. Remote monitoring systems equipped with sensors can continuously track parameters like water quality, flow rate, and contaminant levels.  These data are transmitted via 5G/4G IoT gateway in real-time to control centres, where algorithms analyze the information and trigger alerts if any parameter exceeds safe limits. By promptly detecting pollution events or abnormal water levels, authorities can take immediate action to mitigate risks and protect the ecosystem.

Below is a typical diagram of a water level monitoring and alarm system using IoT and 5G/4G technology. The whole system includes

1. Solar panel and battery bank

The solar panel is used to generate electricity to provide energy for onsite devices, and excess electricity will be stored in the battery bank.

2. IP camera

The IP camera is used for real-time video viewing and capture when an emergency happens.

3. LED alarm light
   The LED alarm light will be triggered and flash when the water level achieves a certain level.

4. Water level sensor

The water level sensor detects and measures the depth or level of water in city rivers and lakes and transfers the data through a 4G gateway to a cloud IoT platform.

5. Industrial 4G gateway

The gateway is used to connect to IP camera, water level sensor, LED alarm light, and solar panel, providing 4G connectivity for real-time video, and data transmission.

6. Cloud IoT platform

A Cloud IoT platform is a type of cloud service specifically designed to facilitate the deployment and management of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications. These platforms provide various tools and services to collect, store, analyze, and visualize data generated by IoT devices connected to the internet.

Lake Monitoring and Alarm Systems

Urban lakes are essential features that enhance the aesthetic appeal of cities and provide recreational spaces for residents. To preserve their ecological balance, remote monitoring systems are deployed to oversee water quality, oxygen levels, and algal blooms. In the event of deteriorating water conditions, such as toxic algal blooms or oxygen depletion, alarm systems send notifications to authorities for swift intervention. This proactive approach not only safeguards the health of the lake ecosystem but also ensures the safety of people who interact with these water bodies.

Advantages of Remote Monitoring and Alarm Systems

Early Warning: Rapid detection of water quality issues allows for proactive measures to be taken before significant harm occurs.

Data-Driven Decisions: Real-time data empowers authorities to make informed decisions based on accurate and up-to-date information.

Cost Efficiency: By preventing or addressing water management issues promptly, cities can avoid costly clean-up efforts or public health crises.

Future Outlook

As technology advances, the capabilities of remote monitoring and alarm systems for city rivers and lakes are expected to improve further. Integration with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) solutions will enable more sophisticated predictive analytics and automated responses to water management challenges. Moreover, the emphasis on sustainability and environmental preservation will drive the adoption of these systems in cities worldwide.

In conclusion, remote monitoring and alarm systems play a pivotal role in enhancing the resilience and sustainability of urban water bodies. By leveraging these technologies, cities can monitor, protect, and preserve their rivers and lakes effectively, ensuring a healthier environment for current and future generations.

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Range and Power Consumption:

LoRa: LoRa is known for its long-range capabilities and low power consumption. It is suitable for applications where devices are spread out over a wide area and need to communicate over long distances with minimal power usage.

4G LTE: LTE is designed for higher data rates and is well-suited for applications that require faster communication speeds. However, LTE may consume more power compared to LoRa.

Data Rate:

LoRa: Offers relatively low data rates suitable for applications with sporadic and small data transmission requirements, such as sensor readings and status updates.

4G LTE: Provides higher data rates, making it suitable for applications with more frequent and data-intensive communication needs.

Infrastructure and Cost:

LoRa: Typically has a lower infrastructure cost, making it a cost-effective choice for large-scale deployments where devices are spread out over a wide area.

4G LTE: Requires more extensive infrastructure and may involve higher costs, but it offers faster and more reliable connectivity.

Application Requirements:

LoRa: Commonly used in scenarios like agriculture, smart cities, and industrial IoT where long-range communication and low power consumption are critical.

4G LTE: Preferred for applications requiring higher bandwidth, mobility support, and faster data transfer, such as connected vehicles or video surveillance.

Conclusions

In many cases, these technologies can complement each other within an IoT ecosystem. Hybrid solutions that leverage both LoRa for low-power, long-range communication and 4G LTE for higher bandwidth and mobility are not uncommon.

Ultimately, the choice between LoRa and 4G LTE in IoT depends on the specific needs and priorities of the application, including factors such as range, data rate, power consumption, and cost.

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In the fast-paced digital age, data centers play a critical role in supporting the increasing demand for computing power and storage. Efficient management and monitoring of data center infrastructure, such as racks housing servers and networking equipment, are essential to ensure optimal performance and reliability. With the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, data center operators now have powerful tools at their disposal to enhance monitoring capabilities and streamline operations.

What is a Data Center Rack?

A data center rack is a specialized frame or cabinet used to house servers, networking equipment, and other computing hardware within a data center environment. These racks are designed to organize and efficiently store multiple pieces of equipment in a compact and standardized manner.

Data center racks typically have standardized dimensions to ensure compatibility with various types of equipment. They often include features such as cable management systems, cooling mechanisms, power distribution units (PDUs), and locking mechanisms for security.

Racks are commonly measured in rack units (U or RU), with each unit equivalent to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) in height. Equipment is mounted within the rack using mounting rails or shelves to secure the hardware in place.

In summary, a data center rack is a fundamental component of a data center infrastructure that provides a structured and secure housing for servers and networking devices

Image source: Manuel Geissinger

https://www.pexels.com/zh-cn/@artunchained/

What Systems Are Included in A Data Center Rack Monitoring System?

A data center rack monitoring system typically consists of the following key components:

Sensors: IoT sensors are deployed within the racks to collect real-time data on various environmental conditions and equipment parameters. Common sensors include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, power meters, airflow sensors, door sensors, and water leak detectors. These sensors provide crucial data points for monitoring the health and performance of the equipment housed in the rack.

Gateway Devices: Gateway devices are responsible for collecting data from sensors within the rack and transmitting it to a centralized monitoring system or cloud platform. These devices often serve as communication hubs that aggregate and relay data securely over network protocols such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or Zigbee.

Monitoring Software: A monitoring software platform processes and analyzes the data collected by sensors to provide actionable insights and real-time alerts to data center operators. The software typically includes dashboards, visualization tools, reporting functionalities, and customizable alerts for monitoring key metrics and trends.

Remote Management Tools: Remote management tools enable data center operators to access and control rack monitoring systems from a centralized location or remotely via a web-based interface or mobile application. These tools allow operators to perform maintenance tasks, configure sensor settings, and receive alerts on their mobile devices.

Analytics and Reporting: Analytics tools within the monitoring system help in interpreting historical data trends, predicting potential issues, and optimizing rack performance. These tools enable operators to make data-driven decisions, identify areas for improvement, and track key performance indicators over time.

Alarm and Alerting System: An alarm and alerting system within the monitoring platform notifies operators in real-time about critical events, anomalies, or threshold breaches detected by the sensors. Alerts can be delivered through email, SMS, or push notifications to ensure timely response to issues that require immediate attention.

Integration Interfaces: Integration interfaces allow the monitoring system to communicate with other data center infrastructure management (DCIM) systems, building management systems (BMS), or third-party applications for seamless data sharing and interoperability. Integration capabilities enhance the overall visibility and efficiency of data center operations.

By incorporating these components into a comprehensive data center rack monitoring system, operators can proactively monitor, manage, and optimize the performance of their infrastructure to ensure reliability, efficiency, and compliance with industry standards

How IoT Empowers Data Center Rack Monitoring

IoT technology enables data center operators to collect real-time data from various sensors and devices deployed within the racks. By leveraging IoT sensors, such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, power meters, and door sensors, operators can monitor key environmental conditions and equipment status remotely. This real-time data allows for proactive maintenance, early detection of issues, and better decision-making to optimize rack performance and energy efficiency.

One of the key benefits of IoT-enabled rack monitoring is predictive maintenance. By analyzing data collected from IoT sensors, data center operators can identify patterns and trends that indicate potential issues before they escalate into critical failures. This proactive approach helps to reduce downtime, minimize the risk of hardware failures, and extend the lifespan of equipment.

Moreover, IoT technology enables data center operators to implement intelligent cooling strategies based on real-time temperature and humidity data within the racks. By dynamically adjusting cooling settings according to actual conditions, operators can optimize energy usage, improve cooling efficiency, and reduce operational costs.

Remote monitoring and management capabilities provided by IoT empower data center operators to access critical data from anywhere at any time. This flexibility allows for quick response to alerts, efficient troubleshooting, and the ability to make informed decisions even when off-site. Through centralized dashboards and analytics platforms, operators can gain valuable insights into the overall health and performance of their data center racks.

Security is a prime concern in data centers, and IoT technology introduces new considerations for safeguarding sensitive data. Data encryption, secure communication protocols, access control mechanisms, and regular software updates are essential measures to protect IoT-enabled rack monitoring systems from potential security threats.

In conclusion, IoT technology offers unprecedented opportunities to empower data center rack monitoring with enhanced visibility, predictive insights, operational efficiency, and remote management capabilities. By harnessing the power of IoT sensors and data analytics, data center operators can unlock new levels of agility, reliability, and cost-effectiveness in managing their infrastructure. Embracing IoT in data center rack monitoring is not just a technological advancement—it is a strategic imperative for staying ahead in the evolving landscape of data center operations.

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This article will explain in detail the entire process from setting up the OpenVPN environment, configuring the device, and then connecting the network based on three network topologies.

Before configuring the router, you need to confirm which type of network the router is using, wired or SIM card. It’s the best way to configure the server and client WAN with static IP, because DHCP IP changes from time to time. In this case, the OpenVPN server and client are both configured as public SIM card with static IP.

Network Topology 1

In this case, we’re going to setup an OpenVPN environment for remote encrypted communication and access. There is a router TR321 works as OpenVPN server, another TR321 works as OpenVPN client. And the two routers both connect with a PC. After the VPN tunnel is established, the two hosts can communicate and access each other.

1.WAN Configuration

2.LAN Configuration

3.OpenVPN Server Configuration

Select Protocol as TCP or UDP, set a unique port, the Device Type must be TAP, the OpenVPN Tunnel Subnet and Mask can set as you wish, but the tunnel subnet must distinguish with other VPN subnet. Upload the ca.crt, server.crt, server.key and dh files to the server.

Leave the Peer Subnet Address and Mask empty, so that multiple clients can connect to the server. Enable NAT feature. Configure the Extra option, add a route rule, so that the server router can access the client router downward. The rule format should be like:

“route 192.168.100.0 (client LAN network segment) 255.255.255.0 (client netmask) 100.100.100.10 (client tunnel IP)”

Ex: “route 10.190.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.11.11.2”

In this case, there is only one client connect to the server. If you have multiple clients that need to connect to the server, you have to add corresponding rules for different clients. After setup, click Save&Apply.

4.OpenVPN Client Configuration

Set Protocol and Port the same as server. Device Type select TAP. Set OpenVPN Server as Server WAN IP. Upload the ca.crt, client.crt client.key and dh files to the client. Leave the Peer Subnet Address and Mask empty. Enable NAT feature. The LZO Compress, Cipher Algorithm and MTU should set the same as server. After setup, click Save&Apply.

5.Test Result

The two PC hosts can ping and communicate with each other.

Network Topology 2

Compare with topology 1, there are multiple client routers connect to the server router.Each client router is connected to a machine. After the VPN tunnel is established, every machine can communicate and access each other.

1.WAN Configuration

2.LAN Configuration

3.OpenVPN Server Configuration

Select Protocol as TCP or UDP, set a unique port, the Device Type must be TAP, the OpenVPN Tunnel Subnet and Mask can set as you wish, but the tunnel subnet must distinguish with other VPN subnet. Upload the ca.crt, server.crt, server.key and dh files to the server.

Leave the Peer Subnet Address and Mask empty, so that multiple clients can connect to the server. Enable NAT feature. In this case, there are many clients connect with the server, if you want every client to be able to communicate with each other, you need to configure the Extra option. Add route rule for different clients, the rule format should be like:

“push route 192.168.100.0 (client LAN network segment) 255.255.255.0 (client netmask) 100.100.100.10 (client tunnel IP)”.

Ex: push route 10.190.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.11.11.2

push route 10.190.2.0 255.255.255.0 11.11.11.3

push route 10.190.3.0 255.255.255.0 11.11.11.4

After setup, click Save&Apply.

4.OpenVPN Client Configuration

Set Protocol and Port the same as server. Device Type select TAP. Set OpenVPN Server as Server WAN IP. Upload the ca.crt, client.crt client.key and dh files to the client. Leave the Peer Subnet Address and Mask empty. Enable NAT feature. The LZO Compress, Cipher Algorithm and MTU should set the same as server. After setup, click Save&Apply.

NOTE: The ca and dh file can be used both server and client, but the client.crt and client.key should be distinguished. Each client should be configured with a unique crt and key file.

Network Topology 3

In this network topology, there is an extra firewall gateway connected to the OpenVPN server, and the gateway is connected to a switch that connects with multiple PC clients.

The PC clients on both sides need to communicate with each other through OpenVPN tunnel.

1.OpenVPN Server Configuration

(1) Select Protocol as TCP or UDP, set a unique port, the Device Type must be TAP, the OpenVPN Tunnel Subnet and Mask can set as you wish, but the tunnel subnet must distinguish with other VPN subnet. Upload the ca.crt, server.crt, server.key and dh files to the server.

Leave the Peer Subnet Address and Mask empty, so that multiple clients can connect to the server. Enable NAT feature. In this case, there are many clients connect with the server, if you want every client to be able to communicate with each other, you need to configure the Extra option. Add route rule for different clients, the rule format should be like:

“ route 192.168.100.0 (client LAN network segment) 255.255.255.0 (client netmask) 100.100.100.10 (client tunnel IP)”.

Ex: route 10.190.1.0 255.255.255.0 11.11.11.2

route 10.190.2.0 255.255.255.0 11.11.11.3

route 10.190.3.0 255.255.255.0 11.11.11.4

In order to enable the PC host in network segment 10.190.14.X to access the OpenVPN server and the client behind the server through the firewall, you need to add one more route rule: “push route 10.190.14.0 255.255.255.0 11.11.11.1”.

After set up the extra option, click Save&Apply.

(2) In order to make network communication between clients on both sides, you need to configure static route and modify the firewall rules of OpenVPN Server.

Add a static route so that the server can point to the 10.190.14.0 segment, the gateway IP should be the firewall WAN IP.

Modify the firewall custom rule, add a SNAT rule so that the data packet cam pass through the firewall of OpenVPN server to reach the destination address. The command should be:

“iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 11.11.11.0/255.255.255.0 -o br-lan -j SNAT –to-source 192.168.4.1”.

#11.11.11.0 OpenVPN server tunnel segment 255.255.255.0 netmask 192.168.4.1 OpenVPN server LAN IP

After configure, click Submit, then restart the firewall or reboot the device.

2.OpenVPN Client Configuration

Set Protocol and Port the same as server. Device Type select TAP. Set OpenVPN Server as Server WAN IP. Upload the ca.crt, client.crt client.key and dh files to the client. Leave the Peer Subnet Address and Mask empty. Enable NAT feature. The LZO Compress, Cipher Algorithm and MTU should set the same as server. After setup, click Save&Apply.

3.Fixed Tunnel IP Configuration

If you want to fix the tunnel IP of each OpenVPN client, you need to do some extra configurations.

(1) Create a folder named “ccd”, this folder is used to store the fixed tunnel IP of each OpenVPN client. Then create file for every client, the file content should be “ifconfig-push 10.10.10.2 (fixed tunnel IP) 255.255.255.0 (netmask)”.

Ex: Client1: ifconfig-push 11.11.11.2 255.255.255.0

Client2: ifconfig-push 11.11.11.3 255.255.255.0

Client3: ifconfig push 11.11.11.4 255.255.255.0

(2) Upload the ccd folder to the directory “/etc/openvpn/” of the OpenVPN server.

(3) Add another extra option in OpenVPN server configuration: “client-config-dir /etc/openvpn/ccd”, when the OpenVPN tunnel is established, the server will read the ccd file in the system directory. Then the server will assigns a fixed tunnel IP for each client based on the contents of the file.

After setup, Click Save&Apply, then you can check the fixed IP of each client in the Routes page.

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